When it comes to children’s health, many parents think about routine checkups, vaccinations, and dental visits. But did you know that the eyes can also provide important clues about a child’s overall health? One rare but serious condition that affects young children is retinoblastoma — a type of eye cancer that begins in the retina.
Though rare, retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer in children, usually diagnosed before the age of five. With early detection and treatment, most children recover, and many go on to live full, healthy lives with preserved vision.
What Is Retinoblastoma?
The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that helps us see. Retinoblastoma develops when cells in the retina grow uncontrollably, forming a tumour. This can occur in one eye (unilateral) or both eyes (bilateral).
The condition may be inherited genetically or occur spontaneously. Children with a family history of retinoblastoma are at higher risk, but it can also appear in children with no family connection to the disease.
Warning Signs Parents Should Watch For
Because young children may not be able to communicate vision problems, parents play a key role in spotting the early signs of retinoblastoma. These include:
If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to see an optometrist right away. Early detection is critical.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If retinoblastoma is suspected, specialized imaging and tests are performed to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumour, whether one or both eyes are affected, and whether the cancer has spread.
Treatment options may include:
The good news is that with today’s medical advances, the survival rate for children diagnosed with retinoblastoma is over 95% when treated early. (source)
The Role of Eye Exams
Routine eye exams aren’t just about checking vision — they can also detect signs of serious health conditions like retinoblastoma. Optometrists are trained to recognize early warning signs and can refer families to ophthalmologists for urgent care.
This is why the Ontario Association of Optometrists emphasizes the importance of comprehensive eye exams for infants and children, starting at six months of age and continuing regularly throughout childhood.
A Message for Parents
Hearing the word “cancer” in connection with your child is frightening. But awareness, vigilance, and regular eye care make a world of difference. Retinoblastoma is rare, but when caught early, treatment is highly successful.
Your child’s eyes are not just the windows to their soul — they’re also windows into their health. By prioritizing eye exams and being alert to changes, parents can help protect their child’s vision and overall well-being.
If you notice unusual signs in your child’s eyes or vision, don’t wait — book an eye exam with your optometrist. Early action can save sight, and in some cases, even save lives.