Living with diabetes means taking extra care of your health — and that includes your eyes. Even if your vision seems fine, diabetes can cause subtle changes that only an eye care professional can detect. That’s why regular comprehensive eye exams are so important.
During your visit, your optometrist is checking for more than just how clearly you can see. Here are seven key things they look for during a diabetic eye exam:
1. Signs of Diabetic Retinopathy
Your optometrist carefully examines the retina — the light-sensitive tissue at the back of your eye. They’re looking for tiny leaks, swelling, or blocked blood vessels that signal early diabetic retinopathy. Detecting these changes early is critical to prevent vision loss.
2. Macular Swelling (Macular Edema)
The macula is the part of your retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Diabetes can cause fluid to build up in this area, leading to blurry or distorted vision. Your optometrist may use advanced imaging, like OCT (optical coherence tomography), to spot swelling you may not notice yet.
3. New Blood Vessel Growth
In more advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, new fragile blood vessels can grow on the retina. While it may sound like the body is repairing itself, these vessels are weak and prone to bleeding. Optometrists check closely for these changes so treatment can start right away.
4. Changes in the Lens (Cataracts)
People with diabetes are more likely to develop cataracts at a younger age. Your optometrist will examine the lens inside your eye to see if it’s becoming cloudy, which could explain glare, halos, or difficulty driving at night.
5. Eye Pressure (Glaucoma Risk)
Diabetes increases the risk of glaucoma, a condition where pressure damages the optic nerve. Your optometrist will measure your eye pressure and evaluate the health of your optic nerve to make sure there are no early warning signs.
6. The Overall Health of the Retina
Beyond just retinopathy, your optometrist will assess the overall health of your retina and optic nerve. They’ll look for changes in blood vessel structure, signs of swelling, or areas that aren’t getting enough blood supply.
7. Clues About Your Overall Health
The eyes are a window into your overall health. Sometimes, changes in your eye exam can point to issues with blood pressure, cholesterol, or circulation. Your optometrist can share these insights with your healthcare team to support your overall diabetes care.
The Bottom Line
A diabetic eye exam is much more than a vision check — it’s a vital part of protecting your sight and your health. Even if your vision feels normal, your eyes could be showing early signs of change.
If you have diabetes and it’s been more than a year since your last exam, make an appointment today. Your optometrist is your partner in keeping your eyes — and your future — clear.